Frustration: Primary Education and Great Increase Essay

Frustration: it is a feeling of agitation and helplessness at not being able to do something. I felt frustrated once and it happened just not long ago†¦ Rising from primary to secondary school, it has been a big jump. I always thought that secondary school was no big deal and it would be easy. But I was wrong. In fact, for the first few months of my secondary school life, it was torturous and was equivalent to living in hell. When I first started secondary school, I did not get to know many people although there were ice-breaking activities as I was the shy and reserved type. But after a few days, I got to know this girl, Jane. Jane and I became really good friends and we shared almost everything together.But, Jane made friends with another girl, A, and A was friends with this girl, B. So, the 4 of us became inseparable and we formed a group. However, I realized that my quiet nature was no match for their â€Å"outgoingness† as they were too chatty. I was too shy to talk to them and was always excluded while they were talking. I felt left out so I left the group, alone and lonely. I was really upset and frustrated, and cried my tears out that night. I was unsure and afraid of making new friends and I was really sad. I became lonely and had no one to talk to. After a few days of loneliness, I finally plucked up my courage to make new friends. Friendship problems aside; another â€Å"factor† that has been making me agitated till now was–homework. When I first saw the timetable,I almost freaked out. There was a great increase in the number of subjects and subjects like geography and physics were totally stranger to me. Since there was a great increase in subjects, well, as a matter of fact, there would be a great increase in homework too. There was homework piling up day after day and I had difficulty catching up with several subjects. I was stressed out and almost wished that I had remained in primary school. After a few months, I managed to settle in and for subjects that I had difficulty catching u, I consulted my parents and teachers for help.Hopefully, the remaining years of my secondary school life would be easier and not that stressful. But, still, frustration is only for the time being. If you have the determination to overcome it, life would not be hell for you.

Demographic Influences And Product Positioning

I spoke about the strengths that Ryan Air has, such as having acquired buzz. I said that since Ryan Air is expanding Eastwards at a steady pace this is a strength but a after some opinions from Maira Azzopardi and Nadine Grixti, I had come to realise that this is more of an opportunity. Maria Azzopardi also said that the fact that the website is available in more than 20 languages is also a strength.Nadine Grixti went over to say that booking flights over the internet is a strength , however after a discussion with Maria Azzopardi and Elenia Desira regarding how this is the only way to book flight she decided that this was if fact a weakness. Maria Azzopardi and I continued to discuss that Ryan Air avoid paying congestion fees and it will also remain the first low-cost airlines these were identified as strengths. Nadine Grixti continued by saying since Ryan Air does not have an office in Malta, this saved costs and is a strength for Ryan Air.I said that since passengers have to pay f or an extra services even for using the restroom this is a weakness for Ryan Air and also the fact that profits decreased could also prove to be a weakness as Ryan Air may have to cut down on certain services or products to make up for this loss. Nadine Grixti and Elenia Desira argued that since passengers must pay for their luggage this is also a sign of weakness, Nadine Grixti came up with the idea that Ryan Air should provide a package which includes luggage along with flights.Maria Azzopardi and Elenia Desira continued to say that this should not be obligatory since certain groups travel with only hand luggages. Maria Azzopardi said that since Ryan Air does not provide adequate Human Resources policies this may lead to an unmotivated workforce. Nadine Grixti said that the website is the only means of booking flights which is once again a weakness. I spoke about the fact that Ryan Air can expand into various other regions while still maintaining low costs, we all agreed that this was an opportunity.Moreover we all discussed other opportunities such as the new fleet of airplanes and the steady expansion of Ryan Air into the East. Finally we discussed that since Ryan Air collects a lot of data from passengers, they may use this data to target customers even better. Nadine Grixti started discussing threats namely that if the oil price continues to rise and reach $150 per barrel this could lead to a situation where Ryan Air does not make any profits. Another threat is the fact that other airlines may choose to enter low cost markets we all agreed on this.Maria Azzopardi came up with the idea that if other airlines acquire smaller one Ryan Air may face threats, we then discussed the effects that this may have on Ryan Air. Nadine Grixti spoke about the imminent threat that a change in CEO may have as it will take some getting used to for the whole organisation. Elenia Desira and I said that the global recession and past factors such as September 11th and Islandic Volcano ash is also a threat and this is a threat since some people may be less willing to travel and perhaps even scared to travel.Moreover an increase in snow storms or volcano ash may cause airports to shut down and this may cancel certain flights. In conclusion we discussed all the factors contributing to SWOT analysis. The meeting went well and we managed to disused all that we had planned within the agenda. On most factors we were all in agreement whilst other took some discussions. We all discussed that the factors that influence the Ryanair’s demography are age, occupation, average income, lifestyles, religion, race, culture, birth rate and death rate.Moreover, we all agreed that such factors have various implications for Ryanair, for example: Maria Azzopardi said that people with adventurous personalities and lifestyles are more likely to travel than others. I continued to say that people who fear travelling with an airplane will definitely discard the idea of trave lling around the world unless over land or by sea. This will therefore, decrease the revenue of Ryanair.Charmaine Berry continued to say that the demography will have an influence on the workforce, meaning the people available to work, and also the wealth of the workforce. A discussion arose on why the workforce and the wealth of the workforce itself will influence demography. I came up with the idea that the workforce will influence the demography of Ryanair because the culture of such organisation will not be the same of that of the personnel. This will ultimately influence the motivation and performance of employees.Elenia Desira stated that the occupation of customers will also affect the demography of Ryanair because business men or women will opt for a low-cost flights which will increase profits. However, the drawback is that the more the income the customers earn the more they will be able to afford more luxurious flights such as Airmalta and British Airways, and this will u ltimately decrease the profits of Ryanair. The discussion then shifted to product positioning.Maria Azzopardi began to say that product positioning is defined as how customers perceive the product or service Ryanair offers compared to other competitors. Elenia Desira continued by mentioning a marketing tool, the perceptual mapping, which identifies the perception of existing or potential customers on a specific product or service. Charmaine Berry stated that Ryanair would fall under a low price and budget standard airline and therefore. It can therefore, be said that one of the main competitors is EasyJet because they are also perceived as having a low price and budget standard.I concluded on product positioning by stating that it is of great importance for Ryanair to make use of perceptual mapping because it would help the organisation to identify in which position Ryanair stands in customers’ mind compared to other competitive airlines. In conclusion, in this meeting demogr aphic influences and product positioning were discussed. It was a very productive meeting as we managed to discuss the topics we had planned in the agenda. Demographic Influences And Product Positioning I spoke about the strengths that Ryan Air has, such as having acquired buzz. I said that since Ryan Air is expanding Eastwards at a steady pace this is a strength but a after some opinions from Maira Azzopardi and Nadine Grixti, I had come to realise that this is more of an opportunity. Maria Azzopardi also said that the fact that the website is available in more than 20 languages is also a strength.Nadine Grixti went over to say that booking flights over the internet is a strength , however after a discussion with Maria Azzopardi and Elenia Desira regarding how this is the only way to book flight she decided that this was if fact a weakness. Maria Azzopardi and I continued to discuss that Ryan Air avoid paying congestion fees and it will also remain the first low-cost airlines these were identified as strengths. Nadine Grixti continued by saying since Ryan Air does not have an office in Malta, this saved costs and is a strength for Ryan Air.I said that since passengers have to pay f or an extra services even for using the restroom this is a weakness for Ryan Air and also the fact that profits decreased could also prove to be a weakness as Ryan Air may have to cut down on certain services or products to make up for this loss. Nadine Grixti and Elenia Desira argued that since passengers must pay for their luggage this is also a sign of weakness, Nadine Grixti came up with the idea that Ryan Air should provide a package which includes luggage along with flights.Maria Azzopardi and Elenia Desira continued to say that this should not be obligatory since certain groups travel with only hand luggages. Maria Azzopardi said that since Ryan Air does not provide adequate Human Resources policies this may lead to an unmotivated workforce. Nadine Grixti said that the website is the only means of booking flights which is once again a weakness. I spoke about the fact that Ryan Air can expand into various other regions while still maintaining low costs, we all agreed that this was an opportunity.Moreover we all discussed other opportunities such as the new fleet of airplanes and the steady expansion of Ryan Air into the East. Finally we discussed that since Ryan Air collects a lot of data from passengers, they may use this data to target customers even better. Nadine Grixti started discussing threats namely that if the oil price continues to rise and reach $150 per barrel this could lead to a situation where Ryan Air does not make any profits.Another threat is the fact that other airlines may choose to enter low cost markets we all agreed on this. Maria Azzopardi came up with the idea that if other airlines acquire smaller one Ryan Air may face threats, we then discussed the effects that this may have on Ryan Air. Nadine Grixti spoke about the imminent threat that a change in CEO may have as it will take some getting used to for the whole organisation.Elenia Desira and I said that the global recession and past factors such as September 11th and Islandic Volcano ash is also a threat and this is a threat since some people may be less willing to travel and perhaps even scared to travel. Moreover an increase in snow storms or volcano ash may cause airports to shut down and this may cancel certain flights. In conclusion we discussed all the factors contributing to SWOT analysis. The meeting went well and we managed to disused all that we had planned within the agenda. On most factors we were all in agreement whilst other took some discussions.Minutes for Meeting 2Subject: Demographic influences and Product positioningWe all discussed that the factors that influence the Ryanair’s demography are age, occupation, average income, lifestyles, religion, race, culture, birth rate and death rate. Moreover, we all agreed that such factors have various implications for Ryanair, for example: Maria Azzopardi said that people with adventurous personalities and lifestyles are more likely to travel than others. I continued to say that people wh o fear travelling with an airplane will definitely discard the idea of travelling around the world unless over land or by sea.This will therefore, decrease the revenue of Ryanair. Charmaine Berry continued to say that the demography will have an influence on the workforce, meaning the people available to work, and also the wealth of the workforce. A discussion arose on why the workforce and the wealth of the workforce itself will influence demography. I came up with the idea that the workforce will influence the demography of Ryanair because the culture of such organisation will not be the same of that of the personnel.This will ultimately influence the motivation and performance of employees. Elenia Desira stated that the occupation of customers will also affect the demography of Ryanair because business men or women will opt for a low-cost flights which will increase profits. However, the drawback is that the more the income the customers earn the more they will be able to afford more luxurious flights such as Airmalta and British Airways, and this will ultimately decrease the profits of Ryanair.The discussion then shifted to product positioning. Maria Azzopardi began to say that product positioning is defined as how customers perceive the product or service Ryanair offers compared to other competitors. Elenia Desira continued by mentioning a marketing tool, the perceptual mapping, which identifies the perception of existing or potential customers on a specific product or service. Charmaine Berry stated that Ryanair would fall under a low price and budget standard airline and therefore.It can therefore, be said that one of the main competitors is EasyJet because they are also perceived as having a low price and budget standard. I concluded on product positioning by stating that it is of great importance for Ryanair to make use of perceptual mapping because it would help the organisation to identify in which position Ryanair stands in customers’ mind c ompared to other competitive airlines. In conclusion, in this meeting demographic influences and product positioning were discussed. It was a very productive meeting as we managed to discuss the topics we had planned in the agenda.

Ptlls Assignment 1 Ground Rules

Edexcel (PTLLS) Michelle Brunton Theory Task One (Unit 5) – part 1 How would a teacher/tutor establish and maintain a safe and supportive learning environment for their learners? It is important to provide a safe and supportive learning environment so that all learners feel comfortable, relaxed and able to explore learning regardless of their previous experiences. For example if student behaviour is not managed, bullying, intimidation and discrimination can occur. There are a number of methods and approaches which could be used to achieve this. Establish ground rulesIn order to create safe and supportive learning environments, it is important to agree rules and boundaries with learners. Gravells stated â€Å"Having ground rules gives a firm boundary for all learners to work within† (2008:8). Ground rules can be established in a number of ways. For example they can be dictated by the teacher/tutor or developed by the students through group exercises, designing posters to illustrate them. By establishing ground rules the learners will be more aware of what behaviour is expected of them, and therefore promotes respect between learners.In turn, this will establish a positive, agreeable and respectful environment in which to learn. According to Petty, â€Å"experiments show that classrooms become much more orderly when rules are stated, or better still negotiated, discussed and fully justified. † (2006:3) this is supported by Gravells who states that encouraging students to take part in making the ground rules, â€Å"allows the group to take ownership of their own rules, then they are more likely to keep to them† (2008:8) Build a strong classroom communityThe classroom environment allows learners to build stronger and larger networks beyond their own community. In â€Å"Evidence based teaching† Petty states â€Å"Good teacher-student relations ensure that students have a more positive attitude to the teacher and to learning, and m ake them more likely to accept rules and any disciplining. † (2006:6) The teacher/tutor can use a number of approaches to facilitate a strong classroom community such as Ice breakers, which provide students with an opportunity to share information about their backgrounds and cultures, exploring the diversity they bring to the classroom.Encouraging students to work in pairs or small groups is another way to encourage students to work with people they would not usually interact with. By building networks in the classroom, students can create supportive relationships with both peers and teachers. Valuing student diversity The classroom should provide students with an environment that is conducive to learning. Valuing diversity within the classroom encourages learners to recognise and respect the fact that people are different. Their differences could include age, cultural background, literacy and numeracy levels and learning styles.Gravells’ definition of diversity is â₠¬Å"valuing the differences in people, whether that relates to gender, race, age, disability or any other individual characteristics they may have†. (2008:18) If a student feels uncomfortable, unsafe, or not respected, then their chances of success in that class could dramatically decrease. Evidence suggests that to establish and maintain a safe and supportive learning environment it is essential to have agreed ground rules and boundaries in place, a strong classroom community which is co-operative and supportive and a strong value for diversity within the classroom.The Teacher should create an environment which outlines clear and reasonable expectations for behaviour, has a relaxed atmosphere and where social and cultural differences are respected and cultivated as resources for learning. Word count (533) Petty G. (2004) Teaching Today 3rd Edition, Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes Petty, G. (2006) Evidence Based Teaching: a practical approach. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes Free additio nal chapter for ‘Evidence Based Teaching’ by Geoff Petty (2006) Nelson Thornes. www. geoffpetty. com. Gravells, A. (2008) Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector. Exetor: Learning Matters.

Movie review topic Extinguishing the ecstasy of anger Essay

Movie review topic Extinguishing the ecstasy of anger - Essay Example Despite of the hardships, they still push through the objectives and the vision of their organization. The focus of the paper would be on the reasoning rendered by the review about The Interrupters. The main argument is related to the quality of the review and the supporting details would be used to verify the strength of the argument presented. Later on a conclusion would be made to prove that the supporting details really strengthened the argument. Roger Eberts said that â€Å"The Interrupters" is the closest thing to a real-life superhero origins story that any of us might ever experience. This film is exactly that: a superhero origins documentary. It might be the most powerful movie I have ever seen.† He wanted to convince the audience that the documentary movie was the greatest film ever as it reflected the heroic acts that can be compared to heroic deeds that are seen only on fantasies. Eberts concluded that people in the movie â€Å"identifies a problem, and seeks to fix it, with, or without any fanfare. The characters in our story are nothing more or less than what they are: humans with delicate hearts, seeking a few rays of hope.† The Interrupters is a good piece of a film as its quality is great catching the scenes that proves the existence and real impacts of the works of the organization CeaseFire. Their group may have some vigilante factor but the strength of their motivation adds help to the peace mai ntenance in their place. The movie The Interrupters shows the story about real-life superheroes as the characters in the movie are real people and not actors (Ebert Paragraph 1). They are captured while doing the real thing. Just like superheroes they face adversities even if danger is present and they risk their lives to save people. Dozens of Chicago killings rise and children are the usual victims. They are ignored and majority of people are busy on other events such as football games (Ebert

B2B Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

B2B Marketing - Essay Example This enables C4U to claim that their cards are 'crafted in the West Country'. This notion of the 'personal touch' has been successfully combined with a series of designs drawing upon floral and other motifs from the 'natural' landscape such as animals and rustic scenes (e.g. meadows, the seaside) to provide C4U with a product portfolio that sets them apart from other card manufacturers. Indeed, they even sell separate picture frames to accompany the cards, so that the recipient can keep them after the occasion in question: in this way, the product is 'more than just a card'. "Back in 1970 Alvin Toffler in Future Shock (Toffler, A. 1970) describes a trend towards accelerating rates of change. He illustrated how social and technological norms had shorter life spans with each generation, and he questioned society's ability to cope with the resulting turmoil and anxiety. In past generations periods of change were always punctuated with times of stability. This allowed society to assimilate the change and deal with it before the next change arrived." (Wikipedia, 2007) In the volatile business environment of the 21st century the most important requirement for C4U is constant changing and updating with the external conditions. Change can be referred to as Internal, External, and business process re-engineering and transformation programs. The external change includes the changes in market, technology, and competitive environment, global and political environment etc. Since the trends in the cards industry is changing the company should also adopt these changes. Internal changes involve the actions, which the organisation has to take in order to put up with the external changes. These include the business restructuring and the transformation programs. The well-planned strategy to undertake change combine all of the above elements in the suitable ratio to undertake the process effectively and in timely manners. On the other hand an unplanned change introduction can worsen the things rather than improving. Therefore it is important for the leaders and mangers at C4U to undertake the change activities in a strategical way to reap the fruit of change introduction in the organisation. A change project undertaken without a suitable strategy can increase the operating cost of the business without improving the operations and performance of the business. In the globalised era when most of the business organisations are involved in different business activities it has become inevitable for the firms independently perform all the functions. Most of the companies do not operate their supply chain and rely on other firms to perform the multi-faceted tasks. The successful and efficient combination of the operations of these firms provides the company with the competitive edge in the market. (Cook, DeBree, and Feroleto, 2001). The company can also expand its market by forming a partnership with other distribution firms. Lummus and Vokurka (1999) points out towards the need for the managers to understand the performance of all the stake holding firms in the supply chain. According to (Pohlen, 2003), this insight in the performance of each firm will enable the managers to develop measures in order to fulfil the demands of the customers. The main task of the supply chain

Models of art ( anthropology ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Models of art ( anthropology ) - Essay Example This period from 25 to 220 CE differed from its earlier namesake (Pirazzoli-T'Serstevens 34). As regards the chronology of the Han ceramics, the dates furnished by two pieces are of primary importance, the one, 133 B.C., found by Bushell on a vase of the Dana collection; and the other, 52 B.C., on a jug (Pirazzoli-T'Serstevens 40). There is another vase bearing the year-period Shn chek, i.e., 61-57 B.C.; but the reading of this inscription is still obscure. On the basis of these data, archeologists presume that this pottery originated in the second and first centuries before our era, although it may well be that some pieces belong to the first century A.D., which may be considered as the terminus ad quem. From internal evidence it is possible to fix the date of the type of the hill-censer in the first part of the first century B.C (Pirazzoli-T'Serstevens 42). The widest spectrum of surviving types is found in craft goods of daily use such as ceramics and textiles. Ceramics can be classified according to many different features. Technical criteria, including firing temperatur e and body types; style features, including glaze, decor, and favored shapes; geography or kiln sites; and the issues of taste, use, and markets discussed here are all important. Ceramic wares range from middle-class types to refined luxury wares commissioned by the imperial household and limited to that environment (Spirit of Han 12). Vessels occupied a special position during the Han dynasty as the main tool of cooking and baking. A typical bowl-shaped vessel of Han pottery with oblique handle terminating in an animal's head, much resembling the cooking-vessel found on the stove (Cooper 38). To obtain a clear understanding of this type, archeologists discuss two related bronze types of the same period. By the term chiao tou, two kinds of copper or bronze vessels are understood: (1) a vessel provided with three feet and a handle, and serving to cook food in; (2) a cookingpan, used in camps by soldiers for preparing their food in by day, and for striking the watch by night. The latter vessel is also called tiao tou. To avoid confusion, critics restricted the term chiao tou to the tripod cooking-vessel, and tiao tou to the cooking-pan without feet (Cooper 36). The example selected for analysis is the chiao tou made of bronze (See Appendix, Picture 1). The total height up to the head of the animal is 24.3 cm; up to the rim of the vessel, 16 cm; the height of the feet being 11.2 cm. The diameter of the mouth is 19.8 cm; the depth of the vessel, 7.8 cm. The copper material is covered with black, reddish, and green spots. According to the verbal explanation of a Chinese archologist at Hsi an, the animal forming the handle is "the scaly dragon" and the vessel was used like a ladle, for scooping water, the long neck of the chiao serving as handle (Cooper 37). The animal's neck and feet are curved in a different manner. The neck is joined to the vessel by means of two small parallel pieces, but the whole is made in one cast. The mouth of the monster is wide open. The feet are rounded out, and the lower ends are evidently worked into hoofs. Around the body of the vessel are four parallel raised lines, the so-called "girdle- ornament." Through the

Literature Review of Balanced Scorecard in Higher Education

Of Balanced Scorecard in Higher Education - Literature review Example Also instrumental in improving the internal and external communications in the organization and monitoring performance of organizations against strategic goals and objectives, the balanced score card has extensive usage and gained acceptance in almost all sectors of the market. Originated by Doctor Kaplan and Doctor David Norton as a framework for performance measurement adding to the strategic non-financial performance measures to the conventional financial metrics, they have provided this framework for executives and managers for assessing the overall and balanced view of the performance of organizations (Schmeisser, 2011, p.194). The balanced score card presents an integrated result oriented collection of key performance measures including financial and non financial measures which comprises both the present performance of the firm and also its future performance drivers. The main premise of the score card is based on the fact that financial evaluations alone are not enough for ca pturing the value-adding activities. Kaplan and Norton (1992), suggests that apart from using financial measures firms must also develop a comprehensive framework of other measures as indicators or predictors of financial performance too (Beard, 2009, p.1). ... The following diagram would highlight on the different performance measures and their linkages in the balanced score card. Figure 1: The Balanced Scorecard links Performance Measures (Source: Kaplan & Norton, 1992, p.72) 2. Characteristics of Balanced Scorecard Characteristics of the scorecard is the presentation of the combination of financial and non financial measures each of which is compared with a target value within a concise and single report. The most unique characteristic of this scorecard is that it determines the most relevant and crucial information by capturing information which is most relevant for the business. Based on the vision of an enterprise, strategies are formulated and derived from its goals. For measuring the achievement of the objectives, relevant characteristic numbers can be assigned to these goals. This translates the enterprise strategy into figures which can then be communicated towards all divisions in the company and therefore can communicate the str ategy to all workers in the company (Welz, 2007, p.7). In this way every worker adept to which goals need to be attained first in order to attain the desired objectives of the business. Link between the strategic level and the operational level can be reached by the derivative by further sub goals and relevant figures from the strategy for each department. Because of the fact that the balanced scorecard considers goals which are directly linked with the success of the organization it remains succinct and concise (Niven, 2006, p.xxi). The concept of the balanced score card is to include information and data from all divisions of the organization under the controlling of entrepreneurial success. This is the reason why it is perceived

Debt crisis in Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Debt crisis in Africa - Essay Example During the The First AU Conference of African Ministers of Economy and Finance (CAMEF) held on 7 May 2005 in Dakar, Senegal, one of the recommended issues was the Debt Cancellation. The ministers agreed that debt cancellations should be the ultimate goal for Africa. However, according to the author of the Conference report, they also require that Africa should link the debt cancellation with the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), and the access of African products to foreign markets. Other recommendations during this Conference concerning debt cancellation were Africa’s domestic debt; debt cancellation should not result in reducing Official Development Assistance (ODA) to Africa; establishment of an African Debt Management Fund to facilitate all debt or cancellation mechanisms and initiatives, which is yet to be established; African countries should come together and propose a common position on debt cancellation; African Countries should carry out an audit indicating the am ount of debt, its origins and terms; African countries are responsible to ensure that Africa’s debt remains indivisible so that any initiative associated with African debt should benefit all African countries; and African leaders should avoid being subjected to conditionalities related to debt cancellation. However, the conclusion of the recommendations was that it has to be approved by the World Bank and the IMF. Never once the World Bank or the IMF prescriptions of economic policies reform was successful but vice versa. Countries affected by economic crisis are required to undergo structural arrangement and conditional arrangements by the World Bank and the Fund, but their prescriptions have proven failure not only in Africa but also in other developing countries. According to Dembell, their structural adjustment program has led to economic stagnation, fewer investments, more external dependence, and has weakened the state’s role in developing social and economic wel fare.

China's energy technology and how it affects the United States Research Paper

China's energy technology and how it affects the United States - Research Paper Example The Chinese economy have shown remarkable strength and resiliency throughout the economic crisis and has likewise shown significant strength when recovery started to set in. However, the United States remain shackled down by systemic risks since the crisis basically crippled the banking sector of the US. Among the positive contributors to the resiliency of the Chinese economy was the strong domestic demand that has been instrumental in ensuring consumption and therefore economic growth. This has been brought about by the fact that China has the highest population in the world which the Central Intelligence Agency (2011) estimates to about 1.3 billion. On the other end, the United States has over .3 billion which places it at the third spot over the world. Looking at the population alone, it is easy to surmise that these countries are also the most voracious energy consumers in the world. However, the recent acceleration of the Chinese economy has prompted the government to be more se rious in tackling the energy demand of the country. This is a basic necessity since this is a basic requirement for continued economic growth. Hence, it has been a pressing concern for the Chinese to improve their capability to power their economy which includes renewable energy sources from the sun and the wind. Likewise, this has been instrumental in pushing China past the United States in terms of energy consumption (IEA, 2010). Main Body Economic recovery and Energy Sustainability The recovery of the global economy has been coupled by the increased arousal to the reality of global warming. Likewise, the fact that fossil fuels will eventually run out has been increasingly gaining traction on economic, social, political and even in military dialogues worldwide. As a matter of fact, world leaders have inked the Copenhagen agreement in order to lessen emissions from green house gases (World Energy Outlook, 2010). This is a significant agreement since the environmental symptoms of gl obal warming has been growing more severe. Likewise, in order to ensure economic growth and stability, countries would do well to veer away from the traditional power source of fossil fuels. This has significantly boosted demand for renewable energy sources such as solar power and wind energy. More so, the economic growth of China has necessitated additional power producing capabilities. Over the last generation, China has increased its power output by about 53 gigawatts (gw) per year (Campbell 2011). Given the high population and the increasing investments to further grow their economy, China has really stepped up its efforts and investments in renewable energy. According to Wong (2010), China has been significantly pouring funds for renewable energy. Basically, the Chinese hopes to be ahead of the curve when it comes to generating new ways to harness renewable energy as well as to be able to make it available for consumption and actually making its economy able to utilize it. Furt hermore, China has significantly moved away from the coal dependent economy that is, although growing industrially, manufactures only low value goods that are mainly dependent on labor. Nowadays, despite still being a predominantly agricultural economy, China has been re-cast as an advanced economy with an increasingly sophisticated economy coupled by the

Perfume Essay Example for Free

Perfume Essay Identify all the things that happen to Grenouille in these chapters that you feel either shouldn’t happen to a child or are insensitive. Explain or attempt to justify these events. Within the pages of the first few chapters, Grenouille’s birth and early childhood is narrated. Grenouille is coldly dismissed at birth. He was brought to the world, by his mother on heap of fish guts, only for her to abandon him. No child should ever have to endure such cruel rejection, no human should ever be left to die in such a grotesque manner. Grenouille however survives and is placed under the care of a wet nurse, who put him into anothers arms in complain of him drinking too much milk and being too much of a liability. Grenouille was passed on from one wet nurse to another, never being shown any affection. He was not treated as a child should be, never allowed to received a mother’s love. The last wet nurse that was given the responsibility of caring for Grenouille, handed him over to Father Terrier, in accusation of the infant being a devil due to his lack scent. She claimed he did not smell of a normal child, that he gave off no smell whatsoever. At the harmless age of a month, Grenouille was accused of being a monster. Father terrier however disregards the wet nurse’s absurd allegations. The novel progresses however, with Father Terrier wanting to rid the baby, as he felt Grenouille had violated him, almost as if he had the ability to penetrate his innermost thoughts, as if he could see what was within Father Terrier with his nose. Grenouille was thrown around for the way he made people feel, however he never brought no harm upon people this early in the book. Father Terrier then puts him in Madame Gaillard’s orphanage. Here he was given a roof for a long time, however he was not welcome by the other children. Many attempts were made at his life, bricks were piled on him, in attempt to suffocate him, however Grenouille managed to survive each and every one of these attempts. Grenouille’s presence made the children feel uncomfortable, just as Father Terrier had felt. There was a coldness, a darkness about Grenouille. However the attempts at murdering him, were made only on the basis of how Grenouille’s presence made the other children feel. Grenouille up till this point had not done anything wrong; he had caused no harm to any of those around him. A few years later however, Madame Gaillard no more received money on Grenouille’s behalf, and so sent him off to work for a man under harsh conditions. Here he contracted a disease leaving him a cripple, bearing permanent scars. Grenouille withstood all these things, a child should never deserve. What is the significance about the context in which Grenouille is introduced in Part One Pg 16. Why does Father Terrier refuse the wet nurses accusations of Grenouille being a devil? â€Å"He’s possessed by the Devil† â€Å"Impossible! It is absolutely impossible for an infant to be possessed by the devil. An infant is not a human being, it is a pre-human being and does not yet possess a fully developed soul. Which is why it is of no interest to the devil. Does some evil stench come out from him? † These are the words Father Terrier speaks in retort of Jeane Beusse, the wet nurse’s accusations. According to Father Terrier, a devil would only possess one with a fully developed soul and has no interest in possessing an infant due to its lack of one. Father Terrier also believes in the devil carrying a foul odor, and hence the nurse’s claims of the baby being odd in that, his flesh carries no scent, only re-affirms his stand on the baby being ordinary, and unaffected whatsoever by the devil. Terrier believes, that the baby not smelling at all, a sign of good health. Father Terrier is also a strong believer of children being God sent, and hence them being possessed is completely out of the question. Terrier also claims the olfactory sense a primitive one, a sense that cannot be trusted. â€Å"The fool sees with his eyes rather than his nose†. Pg 18. Is Father Terrier responsible for Grenouille? Father Terrier is not officially given the responsibility of taking care of little Grenouille, however takes it upon himself to care for him. In some ways he is responsible for Grenouille, as he took him in from the wet nurse, and so in a way is making a commitment towards caring for him. Therefore it is his duty to take care of him to the best of his ability. Father Terrier also sympathizes with Grenouille as he believes a child should not be treated the way Grenouille was. Father Terrier also imagines himself being the child’s father, he feels sentimentally connected to the baby, adding to the responsibility he has over him. Pg 18. What do you make of the actions of the baby and Terriers   response to it? The child awoke, his nose first. Little Grenouille perceived Terrier through his nose. It seemed almost as if the little infant was scrutinizing Father Terrier. The baby’s actions seem as though he can penetrate Father Terrier’s innermost thoughts, as if he can see through Father Terrier’s exterior, see what he really is. Father Terrier feels violated, and feels ashamed, as this baby with no scent, who is innocent, sees through Father Terrier, a man with odor, as everyone at the time. The odor is used as a metaphor for what Father Terrier has to hide. The baby in his arms has no odor, and so has nothing to hide, however Father Terrier is odorous, hence explaining his sense of being violated. Forever crinkling, and puffing and quivering†. These are the words used to describe the baby’s nose after smelling Father Terrier. One crinkles their nose, and puffs air outwards, upon smelling something foul. As smell is used here as a metaphor of who Father Terrier really is, as the baby perceives him through his nose, the baby perceives him as someone who is foul and repulsive. Father Terrier is threatened by the baby , and feels uncomfortable in its presence leading to his hurried notion to find another to take care of the child. Pg 20. ‘Gone was the homely thought that this might be . Explain what happens. 1. Pg 24. This is a challenging page. What does it infer about the teller of Grenouilles tale and his attitude towards him? How do you feel about Grenouille after this? 2. Pg 28-29. These pages relate to Grenouilles language acquisiton. What is particularly noticeable about his vocabulary growth? 3. Pg 35. What happens to Madame Gaillard? What is ironic about this? Look particularly at the last sentence of Chapter 5.

Drug Trafficking Is A Common Economics Essay

Drug Trafficking Is A Common Economics Essay Drug trafficking is a common trade in Mexico. Owing to its geographical location, Mexico strategic position in terms of drug supply, market demand, and distribution, the barons enjoy huge profits from the trade. Mexico neighbors Columbia, which is the world largest cocaine producer, and the U.S., which is a leading consumer of illicit drugs. Drug Trafficking Organizations in Mexico have a large network of illicit drugs supply. The Mexican laws against drug trafficking pose a major threat to the US drug customers since the laws threaten to cut down the drug trafficking avenues. However, the drug trafficking organizations are well organized and distinguished in order to conceal their illicit activities. This paper addresses similarities between the operations and activities of Mexican Drug Trafficking Organizations (DTOs) and those of legitimate international businesses. Mostly, the drug trafficker pose as money launders in order to invest their vast sums of cash obtained from the trade  [1]  This serves as a disguise since; they are able to channel their money to different investments, such as money laundering  [2]  .Like the international trade, the drug trafficking business is well- organized, with various marketing networks around the world. Drug trafficking is a business operation whose marketing techniques include smuggling, extortion, and threat, product line, and other outlawed items. The drug trafficking business is similar to a legitimate business venture, and sometimes has a corporate executive organizational structure, with support staff  [3]  The illegal business of drug trafficking survives due to pretense of undertaking legitimate business or through infiltration of legitimate business. In case of infiltration, the drug trafficking business operators use techniques such as protection rackets and immunity. Drug trafficking is a booming business in Mexico, where is it conducted by drug cartels and the Mexican Mafia. The cartels are not declared as terrorists, and this hinders the action of the American law enforcement and financial regulation on the Mexican borders  [4]   Seven drug cartels operate in Mexico. They are Sinaloa, Los Zetas, Arellano Felix organization, Beltran Levya, New Federation, and Familia Michoacana (LFM) cartels  [5]  . These cartels are illustrated as global businesses with backward and forward connections, for supplying and distributing their products in other countries  [6]  . As businesses, their main concern is supplying the markets with the illicit drugs in a most efficient manner in order  [7]  to increase their profits. This is a popular strategy, used by terrorist organizations, which engage in legal business, in order to fund their operations illegally or legally around the world. The Gulf Cartel emerges as a powerful drug cartel in profitability and territory. Los Zetas is extremely dangerous since it is made up of ex militaries from Mexican Airborne, who acts as assassins. Sinaloa Drug Trafficking Organization is more aggressive with an aim of controlling Drug Trafficking Organizations in Mexico. The LFM is a combination of criminal, social, and religious aspects, which leaves no marks on the corpses, and the crime scene, thus their actions are known as the divine justice acts  [8]  . Mexican cartels have various sub-divisions, with a vertical chain of command, originating from Mexico. The organization has surrogates throughout the U.S., who runs daily operations in the different countries. Mexican operators issue guidelines concerning transport of drugs, warehousing and money laundering services. Legitimate international businesses are well organized with their operations based in many countries. There is a chain of command in every business in order to avoid chaos and maintain uniformity in the operations. Use of violence is a common strategy, used by the gangs in order to protect their trading interests. However, these activities are carefully executed in order to avoid being caught. The aim is to create terror, which seeks to belittle the government ability to provide adequate security to the citizens. The drug traffickers in Mexico aim at undermining the government, in order to carry out their illicit trade activities without any threats from the authority. They want to create a free market in disguise, and fight for this freedom indirectly. Legitimate trade operates with minimal restrictions from the government and the drug traffickers want to acquire the status. There are willing buyers, and many people are using drugs such as heroin and cocaine, which the Mexican drug traffickers are willing to supply  [9]  .Legitimate international trade has willing buyers and sellers. Drugs have ready markets especially in the United States, with the suppliers having distributors in these regions. Their connections in the global context assist them to distribute the drugs easily. Legitimate international businesses have embraced globalization and can conduct their business freely in any country. They build customer trust and relationship, which enables customers to trust and conduct business with the dealers regardless of the distance. The drug traffickers practice social corporate responsibility in order to fulfill the ethical obligations, just as the legitimate international businesses do. LFM is known for its various donations such as Medicare, food, and school fees in aid for the poor. The drug barons aid the vulnerable and poor in the society in order to expose an inefficient government and damaged infrastructure  [10]  .This is a cover up of their real activities, and the public may mistake them for honest traders with an intention of reaching out to the community. They pretend to be practicing social corporate responsibility in order to disguise themselves. The cartels are dangerous and powerful and can outweigh the military and legitimate police. The illicit trade organizes its activities in a systematic manner, and carries out market research concerning the trade and are well versed with the risks involved  [11]  This is a similar scenario with many legitimate international businesses. The most targeted include vulnerable governments. There is a lot of illicit drugs flow from Mexico to the United States, and both states engage in the blame game concerning the predicament. The drugs have causes several deaths in the last few years, and the Mexican government is wary about the issue  [12]  . They have put up several strategies in order to combat the illicit drug trafficking trade. In order to combat drug trafficking effectively, Mexico advances anti-money laundering strategies in order to combat transnational organized crime  [13]  . Money laundering avails a lot of money to drug barons who re-use it for illicit drug trafficking  [14]  .Money laundering prevention, and dealing with financial terrorism is one of the comprehensive strategies of dealing with organized crime. Legitimate International businesses are against money laundering activities. The Mexico government realizes the dire need to attack the economic power of the drug traffickers in order to weaken them  [15]  .Mexico strives to enhance its bilateral cooperation with other countries in order to combat drug trafficking. Drug traffickers disguise their vast income in money laundering activities  [16]   The drug traffickers center around drug trade, and attempt to fill a specific illegal market niche globally. Legitimate international businesses attempt to supply goods that have willing buyers in the global markets. Illicit drugs such as heroin and cocaine are used by many people around the world, thus the drug barons aggressiveness in meeting the demands. Furthermore, the business is extremely lucrative with high profitability  [17]  . Legitimate international businesses are expected to achieve high profitability. Drug trafficking activities are influenced by factors such as politics, culture, geography, and economics, just like the legitimate international trade  [18]   Mexico is geographically located at a strategic location since it neighbors Columbia, which is one of the most significant world cocaine producers. This makes Mexico to acquire the drugs easily and supply them in the market. On the other hand, the drug dealers have distribution channels in different countries, which enable the goods to reach consumers. The Mexican drug dealers mainly focus on the drug trade, since it is more profitable, and their geographical location favors the trade. Market attractiveness of drug trafficking and the strategic positioning of Mexico enables it to engage in illicit drug trafficking. Drug trafficking takes advantage of the international supply chains, and weak governance in order to introduce the illicit products to the market. The demand for drugs is high and this makes the drug traffickers aggressive in satisfying these markets. Drug trafficking is increasing at an alarming rate, with Mexico experiencing over 47,000 deaths because of drug abuse  [19]  . The drug traffickers have adequate funds and arms, thus presenting a threat to the national security. The barons derive their competitive advantage from factors such as access and control of drug smuggling paths across the U.S., and the ability to obtain, transport and sell major illicit drugs in Mexico. Mexican drug traffickers conduct their trade with great professionalism and ability. They are highly profitable and earn a lot of annual income for the country, just like most legitimate international businesses  [20]  .Most of the drug dealers in Mexico are motivated by money  [21]  .The barons seek to maximize the profit at any prospect and reduce their danger of being caught, or detected. Money is a crucial element in every formal and informal organization and legal or illegal enterprises. Drug traffickers receive a lot of money from their trade, which they invest in money laundering services  [22]  . This empowers them and provides them with the courage to challenge the states institutions and the economic development of a country. Traffickers change their strategies constantly through devising new sources, destinations, and transit zones. Law enforcers fail to deal with the international issues effectively, and the world does not possess effective global strategies f or curbing perennial crimes such as cocaine and heroin trade. The issues originating from organized transnational crime are not adequately addressed in a global context  [23]   According to Olson Wilson, Mexico reported an approximated U.S. $6.2 billion  [24]  , from illicit drug export proceedings. Mexican Drug Trafficking Organizations activities and operations strive to create diplomatic relationships with other countries in order to combat drug trafficking. Drug traffickers operate in a large chain or drug racket, in a different destination. Mexico has to collaborate with other nations in order to crack down the operations. Similarly, legitimate international businesses have to cultivate positive relationships with other countries in order to carry out businesses in those countries. It is hard for a country to combat drug trafficking single-handedly, without the help of the international community. The Mexican drug trafficking organizations (DTO, s), poses a major threat to the drug traffickers especially from the United States, since it is believed that the main customers are from the United States. Although the drug traffickers are not interested in overthrowing the Mexican government, they are keen on weakening the government in order to continue their operations without any interference from the state  [25]  . In order to facilitate their activities in the US, the drug traffickers from Mexico have formed alliances with United States prison and street gangs. These gangs are responsible for drug distribution in the United States  [26]  . According to Shanty et al, illicit drug trafficking has caused many social problems  [27]  ; hence it requires more severe measures to combat.  [28]  Released by Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) Director Gil Kerlikowske set out goals in many of these areas. The strategy directs federal Agencies to increase coordination and information sharing with state and local law Enforcement agencies, intensifies national efforts to interdict the southbound flow Of weapons and bulk currency, and calls for continued close collaboration with the Government of Mexico in their efforts against the drug cartels.  [29]  Therefore even with the governments efforts to minimise illegal drug trafficking, cartels will always look for loopholes in the system, including using corrupt border officers. The cartels control the trafficking of drugs from South America to the US, a business that is worth an estimated $13bn ( £9bn) a year. Their power grew as the US stepped up anti-narcotics operations in the Caribbean and Florida. A US state department report estimated that as much as 90% of all cocaine consumed in the US comes via Mexico.  [30]  One reason why the government has deployed the army and marines so extensively is that it feels the police cannot be trusted. Drug cartels with massive resources at their disposal have repeatedly managed to infiltrate the underpaid police, from the grassroots level to the very top  [31]   Globalisation aids international trade, although it provides an opportunity for smugglers and traffickers due to an increase in trade regulation difficulties  [32]  Globalisation increases inequality, and this has a disruptive effect, which causes people to resolve to illicit markets, and organized crime as survival mechanisms. Illicit commerce has made a quick global spread in comparison with legal trade. Most transnational crimes begin in one continent and spreads to the others, mostly by a third means  [33]  . This makes it extremely hard to combat such perianal crimes. This was satisfied in a published article: While the Mexican federal government periodically cracked down on drug trafficking, these operations were limited in size and scope  [34]  . Conclusion The operations and activities of Mexican Drug Trafficking Organizations (DTOs) mirror those of legitimate international businesses in many respects. This ranges from their organizational structures to the marketing strategies. The drug trafficking enterprises practice socio-corporate responsibility in order to help the vulnerable people in the society. However, this is only used with an intention of undermining the government prowess and serves as a disguise for their criminal activities. The efforts of the Mexican government have been challenged because the drug rackets are powerful and interconnected in the global circles especially the United States, which is a strong hold market position. Drug trafficking business has various similarities arising from organizational structure, marketing and profitability. Mexico is strategically positioned, in terms of market supply and demand factors, which increases its profitability, and attractiveness. However, the illicit trade has caused many deaths ranging from consumption related deaths to law enforcers death. The dealers can do anything in order to protect their interests.

Addictive Aspects of a Role Playing Game

Addictive Aspects of a Role Playing Game This dissertation focuses on addictive gameplay mechanics for a role playing game. The primary motivation for the content and structure of this dissertation are based on my personal experiences from playing role playing games and research and analysis I have conducted. In this dissertation we shall discuss various aspects of mechanics in role playing game; we shall also discuss the sub mechanics related to it. What are also worth discussing are the various kinds of role playing games which have existed in the past and how they have developed and evolved RPG genre in modern times. This dissertation shall also discuss the various drawbacks and failures of current gen RPG mechanic and answers to correct those drawbacks Aim To identify various game mechanics in various Role playing games which lead that game to become addictive in nature. Objective The following are the objectives of the dissertation To identify various role playing games To explain the evolution of role playing games To identify and explain various theorems on role playing game To create new mechanics based on research Method Explanation of role playing as a genre in games Explanation of different platforms which use role playing game Explanation of game mechanics and game play Differentiation between turn based, text based, board based and real time based role playing game with respect to game mechanics Explanation of LARPS, GNS, chaos RPG and many more theorems Analysis and creation for new game mechanics and its subsystems Summary of chapters First chapter titled Introduction introduces Role playing game along with a brief history. Here readers will understand what role playing games are and how they are different from other genres. The second chapter titled Different kinds of Platforms will make readers understand how RPG games are seen through different platforms, how platforms greatly affect the scale of role playing games. The third chapter titled Game Mechanics and Gameplay introduces to reader what game mechanics actually means and how it is different from gameplay. The fourth chapter titled Game mechanics for RPG will describe readers various game mechanic rules used by RPG, will also explain popular game theorems and its working principle. This chapter will then further break down to discuss the popular RPGs and what game mechanics made their game addictive. Fifth chapter will discuss in-depth all the addictive game plays and mechanics from the previous chapter. Sixth chapter will show reader of new game mechanic and gameplay created by us and how and where these mechanics can be implemented. Introduction Video games for many years have been considered a way of storytelling. To be put short they are called interactive storytelling. Interactive storytelling means that a person is actively taking part in the continuation of a story by enacting the central character virtually. Now it is not justified to say that all video games are interactive storytellers but there are a lot of genres which hold true to this. Even arcade games like street fighter where the player had only fighting to do have a story to tell. The genre which gave the true meaning to Interactive storytelling has to be Role Playing Game. Role playing games revolve around the one central character which you play and his interaction to the world around him, it is through your decisions and choices that the story progress and the progress is almost never linear. In role playing games or any genre which used its basic mechanics never had a single ending, the game could be finished or story could be ended with different conclus ions by the choices you made. This dissertation will give a brief description on how this genre became the best tool for delivering interactive storytelling, and hence will discuss in depth the core mechanic and function which made it work and made it addictive. What is role playing game A role-playing game (RPG) is a type of game in which the participants assume the roles of characters and collaboratively create stories. Participants determine the actions of their characters based on their characterization, and the actions succeed or fail according to a system of rules and guidelines. Within the rules, they may improvise freely; their choices shape the direction and outcome of the games. Role playing games are broadly categorized into 3 forms based on the platform they serve. They are board games, console games and PC games. History of board based RPG Birth of RPG could be dated to 16th century Europe where traveling teams of players performed a form of improvisational theatre known as the Commedia dellarte. These theatre artist carried with them stock situations, stock characters and improvised dialogue. Helwig, Master of pages and even Duke of Brunswick which all be created as battle emulation games in late 1780 drew great inspiration for Chess. Max Boot author of the book War Made New had stated in his book that the period between 1803 to 1809 saw the Prussian Army developing War games, this war game which was same as chess had additional rules like Dice rolls for random chance of attacks and a neutral referee the score the results. Wargames eventually shifted from professional training to more of a hobby for the general public, this led to the creation of a game called Little Wars from H.G. Wells in 1913. 1970-1990 Dungeons and Dragons was the first commercially sold Role Playing game Published by TSR. Dungeons and Dragons sold around 50,000 copies upon its release which led to establishment of a cult following for BRPG (Board role playing games). Its success also led to the birth of several cottage industries and merchandises. In a period of 2 years other fantasy games appeared which copied almost the entire look and feel of the original DND. Some of the successful clones where Space Opera, Rune Quest and Dragon Rune. In the year 1977 TSR released an advanced Game Rules for its game aptly named Advanced Dungeons and Dragons(ADD), which was later improved and made into a second Edition in 1989. this project led to creation of rule book which cover every detail from finding specific weapon in loot to getting information form NPC(non player controlled character) 1990-2000 Ars Magica released in 1988 was the first game which solely emphasized on characterization and storytelling and had a loose game mechanics and combat system. This game was later bought and led to highly influenced Vampire Masquerade, which led to being a huge success. In the year 1993 Mr. Perter Adkison and Mr. Richard Garfield who were Students of University of Pennsylvania released competitive card collecting game. The theme was based on fantasy role playing and was named Magic the Gathering. 2000-todate The beginning of the year 2000 saw a massive down turn in sales of Game supplements and core books required to play the BRPG. Solution to this problem came through enactment of Open Gaming License by DND owner TSR. They spread the policy of letting other company publish DND compatible games which spread the cost of production and led to higher sales of core book. This new system named D20 system and still enjoys great success. It was during this period which led to birth of Indie Role Playing Game Developers in the internet. This birth was possible mainly due to the fact the existence of print on demand and PDF publishing. History related to Console Role Playing Game Dragonstomper was the first RPG game released on Atari 2600 in 1982. Dragon Quest was also released in this year but was only published for Japanese public, In 1989 the game was released as Dragon Warrior in America and Europe. With the release of Zelda II in 1987 the genre came to its own. Zelda which was released for Famicom Disk System was the earliest action-role playing game. Megami Tensei released for NES was the first to explore the RPG setting Beyond Medial Fantasy Theme. This game also developed the Demonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"summoning system (DSS) which allowed players to recruit enemies. The development of DSS led to creation of games specific to its core game mechanics like Phantasy star and more popular PokÃÆ' ©mon. In the year 1990 Square developed Final Fantasy for NES which developed the Experimental Character creation system that allowed a player to choose his own party and give his characters Job calls. It also created to concept of transportation and weapon upgrade. The console genre of RPG grew leaps and bound in early 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. it is in this period that Dragon Quest introduced a new way of storytelling, the divided the campaign into chapter in which each chapter concentrated in telling the back-story of a single character of your party. This is also the period when birth of fifth generation of console took place. The median was playing games was no longer cartridges but optical disks, this led to RPG having longer and more involved quest. It also led to having better audio and cinematics. In year 2000 Final Fantasy X introduced voice-acting. Final Fantasy XII features full 3D background. COMPUTER ROLE PLAYING GAME Birth of role playing games took place in computers much before it took place in consoles, the first RPG game developed in the year 1975 by a university which was text based in nature and used game mechanics inspired from DND. Popular example of a text based RPG in that period was MUD (multi-user dungeons). In the year 1980 text based RPG named Rouge which featured ASCII graphics and deep system of gameplay popularized RPG for Computer users. The older editions of Ultima and Wizardry which were released in 1983 acted as role models for more popular console RPG. A large amount of its gameplay innovations are still considered standard for current gen RPGà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. Mid 1980 also was the period of emergence for Action Role Playing games in computers. Dragon slayer Xanadu released in 1985 the first Action Role Playing game. Evolution of Multi -Player Role Playing Game Initially computer role playing game offered its users only single player experience, the popularity and emergence of multiplayer mode came in the year 1996 with the title name Diablo. Diablo contained both RPG and Action game elements and featured Internet multiplayer mode. A player would party together with 3 more players and enter the same world or dungeon and fight enemies, the game also allowed players to fight each other and test their skill. Diablo acted as the founding stone for many developers to create what today is the most popular the highest revenue generating genre in Games and entertainment media.

shoeless joe :: essays research papers

W.P. Kinsella William Patrick Kinsella was born may 25, 1935 in Edmonton, Alberta. His father was a contractor and his mother was a printer. As an only child, Kinsella spent his early years in a log cabin near Lac Ste.-Anne, sixty miles northwest of Edmonton. He rarely saw other children and completed grades one through four by correspondence. " Having no contact with children, I considered myself a small adult" (Authors and writers for young adults, 130-131). His parents, grandmother, and aunt read to each other and told stories, Kinsella began writing fantasies when he was five or six; mostly baseball fantasies. Why did Kinsella like to write about baseball so much? The family moved to Edmonton when he was ten, and his father, a former Semi pro baseball player began taking him to baseball games. In eighth grade, Kinsella won a prize for "Diamond Doom," a baseball mystery. At age eighteen, he published his first story, a science fiction tale about a totalitarian society, in the Alberta Civil Service Bulletin. Kinsella worked as a government clerk, manager of a retail credit company, account executive for the City of Edmonton, owner of a n Italian restaurant, and taxicab driver while attending the University of Victoria where he received a B.A. in 1974. Then he attended a writer's workshop at the University of Iowa, earning a master of fine arts degree in 1978. He taught at the University of Calgary from 1978 to 1983. But he hated the academic life so he quit to write full time. Kinsella was married to Mildred Clay from 1965 to 1978. He married the writer Ann Knight in 1978 and they settled in White Rock, British Columbia and Iowa City, Iowa when not traveling to attend major league baseball games. Kinsella has two daughters, Shannon and Erin. In 1982 Kinsella wrote a best selling novel, "Shoeless Joe". "Kinsellas 1982 mythical baseball fable drew on the author's long-term love of the game" ( Wilson, Kathleen. 229). This book is about a middle-aged man that lives on a farm with his wife, Annie and daughter, Karin. One day when this man, Ray Kinsella, is walking through his cornfields he hears the voice of an major league baseball announcer. It says, " if you build it, he will come". Ray soon finds out that "it" is a baseball field and "he" is Rays father who used to play AAA ball.

The Definition of Independence :: Definition Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some people say that the definition of independence is a complex word and idea to try to define. In al truth independence is a perplexing word to try to define. This is because everybody has their own speculations of what independence is. Very infrequently are their two people that have the same perception of what the definition of independence is. What I perceive the definition of independence is the absolute freedom to do what you want, and to not be held back by any rules or laws of government or man, but by the rules and laws of nature and your own self concise. My view of independence may greatly differ form your beliefs on the definition but in this paper I will try to show exactly what my perspective on the definition of independence is by my experiences, my beliefs, my thoughts, and research on the subject at hand.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In my beliefs independence can not be the definition of what your government says is independent. For if you go by what the government says is independent than why not go by Chinas definition of independence, or by the communists party’s definition of independence. If you go by any governments definition of independence than you are not truly going to be independent. For each governments definition of independence you are not truly independent. In my belief to be truly independent you must be able to do what you want when you want and have nobody to say that you cant do that. If the government is telling you that you can do this and not do that then how can you have independence. The only true way to have independence is to make decisions based on you and not based on what society thinks. How can a person be truly independent if they have to do what other people think is the right thing to do? The answer to that question is that they can not be independent for independence is the ability to do what you want even if it is not what society thinks that it is not the right thing to do. These beliefs is one of my building blocks for my definition of independence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In my experience I have only had the feeling of true independence once or twice in my life. I felt this felling when I am by myself and nothing is around you but woods, waterfalls or complete silence.

My Role Model

MY ROLE MODEL Almost everyone has a role model in their life. They could be a parent, a friend, a teacher, or a sports hero. They could be the D. A. R. E officer who works in your school. He could be someone you read about in a book. A role model is hard to define, because it can be different for everyone. Who your role model is depends as much on you as it does on the person you admire. Often, it is someone you would like to be like when you get older, or someone who does something you find hard to do. They might be somebody who performs outstanding volunteer work.They might be a community leader. They might be your mentor. Maybe they are generous and kind. Maybe they performed an extraordinary feat or accomplishment. They might be someone in your neighborhood, or someone in another country. Typically, a role model is brave, smart, strong, kind, thoughtful and fun. Not that every role model is perfect. Unless it is someone out of a storybook, role models are people who might be outs tanding in only one or two areas. Or maybe it is someone who is far less than perfect, but is working to improve himself or herself.I personally believe that a good role model should have certain qualities, and he should†¦ * Have a good personality * Be humble * Be respectable * Be ambitious When we had to choose a role model, one name appeared clearly in my head. I didn't see, and couldn't see, anyone else but Gandhi. Indeed, in my opinion, it's this man who gives meaning to the expression, â€Å"role model. † I don't think there's a more charismatic role model in history. Indeed, he accomplished such important and brave things that he must be one of the most well-known heroes in the world.Gandhi was born in India in 1869 during the period of colonies. He lived under the English occupation and, as a consequence, suffered from oppression and the authority of colonists. However, what disturbed him the most was the fact that his country, or rather his nation, couldn't make decisions by itself anymore and hope to evolve and grow. Gandhi, who was lucky to have been educated, was the first man in this painful period who dared to refuse the British authority using pacifist methods. Indeed, boycotts and other peaceful ways like hunger strikes enabled India to get its independence from the United Kingdom.As far as I am concerned, Gandhi is really an exemplary man. I feel that Gandhi was a positive role model in society because he enabled India to get its independence, but his influence didn't stop at this moment. his ideas of independence kept on living beyond the borders and reached all the other colonized countries. His influence was such that many nations took their independence just after India did. Thanks to him, all of those people were able to hope again and, in my opinion, it's one of the qualities that the definition of a role model requires.If we followed his example in life, we would stop killing each other and, instead, discuss and resolve prob lems together without useless violence. It may take a long time, but I think it's worth trying. All of this shows that Gandhi is actually someone who can be considered as a role model. He was both brave and intelligent. Indeed, not only was he courageous because he defied the authorities, but he was also talented because he didn't use physical strength to get what he wished. All in all, for my part, Gandhi must be considered as one of the most important personalities history has ever known. I think he deserves to have this status

Philippine Social Realities Affecting the Curriculum Essay

The Philippine society today is different in many respects from what is was fifty years ago. The Philippines is now politically independent – in fact a full-fledged Republic. We now have direct relations with most foreign countries including Red China and Russia on the basis of equality, reciprocity and dignity. Because of our beliefs and commitments to the democratic way of life we are now ranged against the other half of this divided world in a conflict which is ideological, economic, educational, political, moral, cultural and religious. Our population has grown steadily from a few millions in 1900 to over 60 million as projected by the National Census and Statistics by 1989. But the production of our food supplies has not kept pace with the unabated increase of population. This imbalance has given birth to many intricate social problems the solution of which demand utmost resourcefulness in leadership and unflagging support in fellowship. The increase in population, unaccompanied by widespread enlightenment and a corresponding improvement in the economic position of the individual and the greater part of the society, generated pressures and created more problems never before encountered by our people. We now have a growing a middle class – one not quite sizeable but certainly growing in number, in quality and in influence. An increasing number of Filipino physicians, nurses, educators, technicians, researchers and government career men are now going abroad and receiving advanced training in foreign countries. Different means of communication, transportation and travel in our country have increased in number and have become faster and cheaper. Today, we have more newspapers, magazines, books and radio receiving sets. We also have televisions. There are more movie houses today both in the cities and in the provinces where foreign and locally produced pictures are regularly scheduled. We now have thousands of both public and private schools, colleges and universities. Illiteracy has been reduced considerably. Various industries, some locally capitalized, and others foreign-owned, have grown in our countryside. Medical science has brought to our people the blessings and risks in the use of new wonder drugs. Curriculum developers must have in mind that the problems of society are the problems of education. Education can not be divorced from the economic, political and social realities of a country. Any  society in order to progress economically, must progress educationally. Industry needs to indicate the direction and dimensions of educational progress for manpower development. The question is, does such hold true in the Philippines or does it follow a reverse pattern, that is, that educational progress runs ahead of economic development? Is our curriculum relevant to the present society? Are our curricular offerings so prepared that their goals are made relevant to the economic demands of the society, not only for the present but also for the years to come? Education must enrich society, improve the living conditions of its people, and make possible its optimum development. Herein lies the importance of the orientation, organization, enrichment, adaptation and development of the local curriculum. The curricular offerings must be made relevant to the economic demands off society if we are to achieve the goal of producing people who are to provide direction and guidance in the operation of commerce and industry. Technical skills, researchers for the discovery of new products, constant improvement of technological procedures and needed managerial pool must be taken into consideration by curriculum developers in the Philippines. Stress on studies and activities, related to history, values, social and economic life from the viewpoint of the Filipinos are factors for consideration. The curriculum must provide abundant materials to promote the unity of the people such that it should embody the latest gains in Science since it must give an educ ation for effective participation in the modern society. Most of our degree courses are patterned abroad without adequate local study as basis. The curriculum must keep up with the changing political, economic, and social conditions of the country. In the New Society, attempts have been made to reorient the curriculum in both content and emphasis on liberal education providing balance between academic learnings and work experiences for the development of leaders and creators of job opportunities. The new program is being redirected to ensure a greater recognition of the value of hard and honest work, unlike in the past when the emphasis was on languages and academic excellence. Economic development plan must be taken into consideration in order to draw guidelines for curriculum development. The Filipino’s increasing dislike for colonial mentality is an indication that the curriculum must be redirected to Philippine culture. Different groups have arisen to voice ambitious  development goals. Our national history and character, socio-economic structure and broad social welfare measures have been emphasized. Much of the burden of bringing such goals to reality has fallen upon the schools. Evidently, if the schools are to carry out these changes, they must effect widespread curriculum change. Regarding this matter, we must recognize that the Philippines’ chief characteristic is her cultural diversity, that her strength does not lie in being a tasteless, odorless melting pot. In the task of redirection to Philippine culture, the initial thrust would probably be to prepare textbooks and teaching materials oriented to Philippine setting, based on native business, economics, political and social conditions. Because the Philippines is basically agricultural and there is urgent need for an expansion of agricultural production and mechanized farming, curriculum developers must take this into consideration. The curriculum must prepare the Filipinos to meet the growing agricu ltural needs.

What are Developmental Assets?

Developmental assets are said to be the positive relationships, standards, opportunities and skill that every young person needs in order to grow up into a caring and responsible adult.According to Mirowsky, as many as 40 developmental assets have been identified as developmental nutrients which all young people need. These are tangible, rational, positive experiences and qualities that are essential to bringing up successful young people. (Mirowsky, J, 2003: 16, 17)In this paper, we are going to measure three major assets namely caring school climate, achievement motivation and cultural competence. Â  All these are related to positive youth development. They bring about school success and also ensure protection from behavior that may risk the youth’s health. The assets bring out the school as the major supporter.1. Caring School ClimateThis is a caring environment provided by the school that is encouraging to the young people. It makes the young people feel comfortable and w anted, hence keeps them away from risky behavior such as fighting and quarrelling.To strengthen this asset, the school should ensure that the younger children are not bullied by the elder ones. The school administration should put in place a programme of mentoring relationships where each of the elder students has a young one to look after.It should also put in place policies to ensure the wellbeing of the students.. When dealing with child harassment cases, it should avoid showing anger or disappointment but instead listen to the students’ point of view. (Metha, A, 2007:10)2. Â  Achievement MotivationYoung people are usually motivated to do well in school in order to achieve their desired goals as well as compete with their colleagues. It helps to avoid idleness which leads to heath risks such as alcoholism and drug addiction.To encourage motivation, the school should initiate rewards to the top performers while making sure to encourage the low performers with small tokens to boost their ambition. To make learning enjoyable, co curricular activities like games should be incorporated in the school programme.3. Cultural CompetenceThis is the knowledge of people of different cultural and the love to make friends of different racial and ethnic backgrounds. Young people meet a variety of friends with whom they interact and feel comfortable with. (Ross, C, 2003:24)This should be encouraged as it helps young people to appreciate the personal views of other people as well as the background of people of different ethnic groups and cultures, hence kills tribalism and racism.To encourage this asset, the school should organize cultural events and ensure that there are frequent multicultural experiences for the students. It should integrate value development, service learning and cultural interrelationships into the curriculum. (Mirowsky, J, 2003: 28)ExistentialismThis is a modern philosophy that lays emphasis on the dominance of individual existence. It is the id ea that thought, beliefs and ideas are created by the individual. According to it, each person has the liberty to become whatever he wants, and has the responsibility to use that liberty suitably.In relation to existentialism, developmental assets shape the young people to give them a one can mindset of responsibility and rational thinking. It changes their attitude towards education and they become participants in the development of education as well as their own development.The assets help students to develop good communication skills as they interact with their peers and also as they share different experiences. Finally, the development assets help the young people to express themselves and clearly state their desires while on the other hand understanding and appreciating the different views of other people.

Gender Roles In The importance of Being Earnest Essay

In The Importance of Being Earnest, the question of each gender’s role in society often centers on power. In the Victorian world men had greater influence than women. Men made the decisions for their families, while women worked around the house. Wilde raises interesting questions about gender roles in The Importance of Being Earnest, by putting women (like Lady Bracknell) in positions of power and by showing that men can be irresponsible and bad at Decision-making The traditional view of gender relations in the Victorian era was that men were active, manly, assertive and economically independent whilst women were assumed to be passive, pliant and dependent. I believe that Oscar Wilde does challenge these traditional roles deliberately to make humor out of these characteristics and to make fun of the conventional roles of society. The two main male characters, Jack and Algernon, cannot really be regarded as masculine, or at any rate both of them do not fit the criteria for wha t characteristics a stereotypical Victorian man would be they are both what people at that time would call ‘dandy’s’. Algy and jacks un gentlemanly behavior and trivial pursuits can be seen as comic and deliberate in making men seem less powerful and serious. Algy is also a little too concerned with clothing to come across as masculine. This can be seen when he criticizes Jack by saying that he had ‘never known anyone to put so much effort into dressing and to produce so little effect’. Algernon also says in Act two when talking to Cecily that he wouldn’t trust Jack to buy his outfits as he has ‘†no taste in neckties†. Algy is dandy, making him unmasculine and a bit of a joke in the eyes of the Victorian audience. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ A time in the play when we see women as having more power then men is in the character lady Bracknel, she is strong and blunt even coming across as a bit intimidating we get the feel that even Algy is afraid of her as he would rather make up a fake man then tell her that â€Å" he cannot have the pleasure of dinning† with her. Another strong female character we see is Gwendolyn. She is feminine in some aspects like how se wanted the proper engagement (she makes jack proposes formally), but at the same time she can be seen as more masculine then Jack especially because she is quite assertive. Gwendolyn is also breaking stereotypes as when her  mother tells her to wait in the carriage but she defies her, were as most girls at this time would not even dare to disobey there mothers. A good example of Gwendolyn being assertive is when Jack is made to propose to her properly. Even though Gwendolyn knows exactly what he is going to ask her and she even tells him that she is going to accept him before he proposes, Gwendolyn insists on a proper proposal, which is absurd. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Gwendolyn is clearly going to be more and more like her mother as she matures we see Algy mention this when he says that a girl’s worst flaw is that â€Å"they will end up just like their mothers†. Her mother, Lady Bracknell, is probably the most masculine character in the play. She is very pompous and the most assertive of all the characters. She has the power to stop Jack from marrying Gwendolen and has the ability to boss the male characters of the play around. Lady Bracknell’s masculinity is funny because it is almost absurd. She is seen as lacking some more feminine characteristics like sympathy for example she has no sympathy for Bunbury who she claims â€Å"should just make up his mind whether he is going to live or die† .She gives Jack no condolences when he says that he had â€Å"lost† both his parents, instead she says that he was careless, and when he explains that he was found she appears to be outraged and shocked giving us the impression that she has control over the situation. Lady Bracknell has the upper hand over all the main characters in the play. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨After the examination of the female characters it can be concluded that the female characters are not really typical Victorian women than are Algernon and Jack typical Victorian men. Oscar Wilde has created characters that challenge the Victorian views of gender relations and this is what causes the play to be so funny. The characters are not what you would expect and can be seen as over exaggerated stereotypes of gender roles at the time.

Describe a place or enviroment where you are perfectly content what do Essay

Describe a place or enviroment where you are perfectly content what do you do or experience ther and why is it meaningful to you - Essay Example I am perfectly content in my grandparents’ house because it is a place that encourages long conversations and symbolizes the role of family as a permanent source of support, guidance, and inspiration. My grandparents have a big house that they built through decades of hard work in business, and now, it has become a friendly environment where family and peers can drop by anytime to spend time with one another, particularly sharing personal and other kinds of stories. My cousins and I used to go there daily. Sometimes, when there are no classes, we stay the whole day, playing at the wide backyard with fruit-bearing trees or just lazing around in the front yard reading comics and books. The best times are storytelling times with my grandparents. My grandma and grandpa have different genres they specialize in. My grandpa is fond of histories and documentaries, while grandma talks about folk tales and personal life stories. When I listen to them, I feel transported to their older worlds or other imaginary places. They have a way of speaking and describing characters, settings, and plots that enthrall their audiences. Even when some stories are grisly and scary, I feel safe in the have n of my grandparents’ house. Besides listening to histories and folk stories, I love the long conversations we have when we eat together. Every day, a family or friend drops by and brings food and good stories. My grandparents have a long dining table that can fit fifteen people. Around it are smaller tables. The dining room is designed with conversations in mind, where people can listen to one another and share their stories and ideas openly, but respectfully. I remember when my grandmother told their love story. Their love story has a familiar plot because she and grandpa started as friends, until they fell in love in college. I love the parts where grandpa would visit grandma and he would bring her food, instead of flowers. She prefers good food over flowers that wilt. She

Job fair-walmart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Job fair-walmart - Essay Example That shop is today the world’s largest retailer headquarters. Throughout the years up to date, the shop has experienced many challenges ranging from employees, supply chain, and normal running and coordination of the shop. However, I am proud to say that despite all the challenges and competition from other retailers, Wal-mart has stood its ground. I do not intend to bore you with all the tiny details of Wal-mart of its challenges and successes. The great Wal-Mart experience can only be realized once you agree to work as an employee here. As I had said above, there are many benefits that come with working at Wal-mart. I will brief you about all the benefits and opportunities that can be realized by working at Wal-mart. Progressive working opportunities Wal-mart is an established retailer shop. It sells many goods at low prices. Given the vast size of the retailer shop, many employees are required. Also, given the vast size of any our branches retailer shops there are many leve ls of jobs. The highest ranking job is that for an executive manager (Jamie 1). Wing to the many branches that we have, a big number of executive managers are required to run the shops. Thus, you do not have to worry about waiting forever for your opportunity to be at the top. The numerous job opportunities at the executive management level give everyone a fair chance to reach at the top of their careers. Compared to other companies with only one executive manager; at Wal-mart the chances of being discovered as a leader are numerous. The possibility of you achieving great heights in your career is made a reality at Wal-mart. Convenience The joy of working at Wal-mart is the convenience and flexibility. Wal-mart is conveniently positioned in the town which translates to easy access both to employees who drive and those who use public means. Wal-mart is also flexible on the academic achievements. Due to the wide variety of services offered at Wal-mart, we employ technical workers and also the great academics. So whether you are an academic or a technical person, you can rest assured that at Wal-Mart there is something for you to do. Example of job opportunities at Wal-Mart includes managerial jobs, cashier jobs, security, drivers, sales persons, legal workers, and clerical jobs among many others. The list of job opportunities is endless in every literal sense. Another important aspect is that at Wal-Mart we work in shifts. Thus, one can sign for any shift whether day or night that they are comfortable with. At Wal-mart, payments are billed per hour. Thus, one can take a part time job without the fear of the company cheating you from your hard earned money. Benefits Now to the interesting part as to why all of us have to work at some point. Money is crucial in our lives as it is the fuel of life. At Wal-mart, we have casual laborers and permanent workers. Payments are made in distinction. The salary is directly proportional to the level of job you hold. So withou t even saying it, the executive managers are the highest paid as they are at the top of the chain. The policy of the company is to pay people by the hours they work (Jamie 1). Thus, the more the hour you work the more you earn. In addition to salaries, there are other benefits such as employee discounts. One thing you have to consider is that Wal-mart is a retail shop and we sell all sorts of products. So, by employee discounts you benefit from reduced prices of

Violent, Overcrowded Prisons Negatively Affects Society Term Paper

Violent, Overcrowded Prisons Negatively Affects Society - Term Paper Example Prisons should concentrate on rehabilitation because many inmates will eventually be released. Punishment, aside from a need for societal vengeance, is meant as a deterrent for those who have committed a crime as well as for those who have not. Since people who commit crimes do so believing they probably won’t get caught, this type of reasoning is based upon a false premise. Those who have committed crimes such as identity theft, prostitution, gambling and drug use are thrown into an excessively cruel circumstance where violence and sexual assault run rampant which acts an opposite effect of rehabilitation. These people, as well as society, would be better served if they were assigned community service of varying degrees in an effort to repay the victim or the community for their transgressions. One method hurts, the other helps – seems like a simple and effective solution but one that is rarely considered. The U.S. incarcerates more of its population than any other ind ustrialized country. Currently, more than two million prisoners are jailed in local, state or federal facilities. Not only the number of prisoners is increasing, the ratio of prisoner to population is widening as well. About a decade ago, for every 100,000 citizens, 703 were in prison. That number exceeds 715 today. When categorized according to ethnicity, a wide disparity of justice is apparent. â€Å"At midyear 2003 there were 4,834 black male prisoners per 100,000 black males in the United States in prison or jail, compared to 1,778 Hispanic male inmates per 100,000 Hispanic males and 681 white male inmates per 100,000 white males† (â€Å"Prison Statistics† 2006) Those incarcerated for on drug charges constitute more than 60 percent of inmates in Federal prisons and 15 percent of the growth in total prison populations. Violent offenders including those charged with murder, rape, assault and robbery constitute the remaining approximate 40 percent. 1) (â€Å"Prison S tatistics† 2006) Anyone who has seen a prison movie likely has witnessed the stereotypical ‘shower scene’ where gang members viciously attack a lone inmate. They put a knife tightly against the victim’s throat and threaten to kill him if he puts up a fight. The lone inmate is then repeatedly raped by the gang and afterwards is too frightened to notify prison officials fearing retribution. This Hollywood recreation is not unlike the actual events taking place inside prison walls. Being brutally raped in prison is not simply a physical violation; it is an emotionally scarring event. According to the Human Rights Watch, this and other forms of gang-related violence occur regularly in prisons across the country. â€Å"Gang assaults are not uncommon, and victims may be left beaten, bloody and, in the most extreme cases, dead† (â€Å"No Escape,† 2006) However, violent and blatant rapes are but one type of sexual abuse many prisoners must endure. The most prevalent form of rape does not occur by means of violence nor have many of the victims been overtly threatened. Nevertheless, they engage in sex acts unwillingly because they do not believe they have a choice. Prison is an intimidating place. Prisoners, especially those new to the system can be easily coerced into doing things such as allowing themselves to be raped or committing violent acts against others out of fear. This type of prison rape is easier to conceal than violent attacks and much easier for prison staff and the